常规干线公交网络空间方向分布及结构特性分析方法

裴玉龙; 申晨; 翟双柱

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.01.015

常规干线公交网络空间方向分布及结构特性分析方法

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.01.015

东北林业大学交通研究中心哈尔滨 150040

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51638004

详细信息

通讯作者:
裴玉龙（1961—），博士，教授. 研究方向：道路交通安全，交通规划，交通管理

中图分类号: U491.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-13

A Method for Analyzing the Distribution of Spatial Orientation and Structural Characteristics of Trunk Bus Network

Transportation Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

摘要

摘要: 空间结构合理的常规干线公交网络可以帮助城市提升公共交通服务效率，缓解道路交通压力。为深入分析城市常规干线公交网络空间结构特性，使用公交网络GIS信息嵌入拓扑结构模型的方式开展研究。借鉴道路网空间信息测度方法，基于香农熵理论提出公交线路方向熵和公交网络方向熵分析方法。根据提取的公交网络拓扑结构中相邻站点间线路段的空间方向信息，使用方向熵测度得到公交线路及网络空间方向分布情况。在现有的规范及研究中，选取并拓展能够体现公交线网空间结构特性的指标，与方向熵组成常规干线公交线网空间结构分析指标体系，从线路和网络2个层面出发探究常规干线公交网络空间方向分布并分析其结构特性。以哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交组成的网络为例进行分析。网络空间方向分布结果表明：公交网络方向熵为2.84，大于网络内任意单条线路方向熵。验证得到公交线路方向熵的测度结果与线路的实际情况相符，方向熵可以有效量化公交线网拓扑结构的空间方向分布；在指标间的相关性方面，公交线路方向熵与公交线路长度的相关性最高，公交线路站点对重复系数与公交刷卡数的相关性次之。网络结构特性分析结果表明：哈尔滨市63条常规公交干线组成网络的平均集聚系数为0.467，网络中节点度分布的数据拟合度为0.978，表明该网络是1种具有择优发展倾向的网络，网络结构较稳定。基于香农熵的分析方法，为描述公交网络空间方向分布情况提供了新的思路；对网络结构特性的分析，为常规干线公交线网规划提供理论参考。
- 常规干线公交 /
- 方向熵 /
- 香农熵 /
- GIS /
- 拓扑结构 /
- 复杂网络
Abstract: Trunk bus network (TBN) with a reasonable spatial structure can improve the efficiency of urban public transport services, and reduce traffic congestion on roadways. In order to analyze the characteristics of spatial structure of urban TBN, this paper develops a method by analyzing GIS information of bus network with a topological structure model. Referring to the previous method for analyzing spatial characteristics of road network, a method for calculating the orientation entropy of bus lines and that of bus networks is proposed based on the Shannon entropy theory, respectively. According to the spatial orientation of bus lines between adjacent stations extracted from its topological structure of a TBN, the distribution of spatial orientation of bus lines and networks is measured by their orientation entropy, respectively. Based on the existing standards and studies, the indicators that can reflect the characteristics of spatial structure of bus networks are selected and then combined with orientation entropy to develop a set of evaluation indicators for analyzing spatial structure of TBN. Then, the distribution of spatial orientation and the characteristics of the network structure of TBN are analyzed at the following two levels: line and network. A case study is conducted for the bus network consisting of 63 trunk bus lines in the City of Harbin. Regarding the distribution of spatial orientation of TBN, experiment results show that the orientation entropy of the TBN is 2.84, which is greater than the orientation entropy of any single line within the sample. It is verified that the measured orientation entropies of the bus lines are consistent with their observed patterns. The orientation entropy can effectively quantify the distribution of spatial orientation of the topological structure of bus network; In addition, it is found that the correlation between the orientation entropies of bus lines and the length of bus lines is the highest, followed by that between the repetition coefficient of adjacent bus stations and the number of smart cards used at those stations. In the respective of the characteristics of network structure, experiment results show that the average coefficient of concentration of the TBN consisting of 63 lines in the City of Harbin is 0.467, and the goodness-of-the-fit of the distribution of nodes in the network is 0.978, indicating that the network has a tendency of preferential development, and the network structure is relatively stable. In conclusion, the proposed method based on the Shannon entropy provides an alternative way to describe the distribution of spatial orientation of bus network and can be used to support the planning of the TBN.
- Trunk bus network /
- orientation entropy /
- Shannon entropy /
- GIS /
- topological structure /
- complex network

HTML全文

图 1 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交站点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of stops on 63 trunk bus lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交线路分布

Figure 2. Distribution of 63 trunk bus lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交线路刷卡数据分布

Figure 3. Distribution of bus smart card data on 63 trunk bus lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交线路网络无向未加权拓扑结构

Figure 4. Undirected and unweighted topological structure of 63 trunk bus lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 常规干线公交网络拓扑虚拟站点构建示意

Figure 5. Construction of virtual site on the topological structure of trunk bus network

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 修正后的哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交无向未加权网络

Figure 6. Modified-undirected-unweighted network of 63 trunk bus lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 修正后的哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交无向加权网络

Figure 7. Modified-undirected-weighted network of 63 trunk bus lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交线路方向熵分布

Figure 8. Distribution of the direction entropy of 63 conventional trunk lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交线路空间结构指标值散点分布

Figure 9. Scatter diagramt of spatial structure index values of 63 trunk bus lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交线路空间结构指标相关性分布

Figure 10. Correlation distribution of spatial structure indexes of 63 trunk bus lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交网络节点度分布拟合曲线

Figure 11. Fitting curve of node degree distribution of 63 trunk lines in Harbin

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图 12 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交网络拓扑结构连边方向分布

Figure 12. Orientation distribution of edges of the network consisting of 63 trunk lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 哈尔滨市63条常规干线公交线路及网络方向熵分布

Figure 13. Distribution of the Orientation entropies of line and network on 63 trunk lines in Harbin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 公交站点GIS数据信息

Table 1. GIS data information of bus stops

字段	说明	样例
line_name	路线名称	10路 (花卉大市场—承德广场)
station_name	站点名称	花卉大市场
lon	站点纬度坐标 (GCJ-02坐标系统)	126.718 928
lat	站点经度坐标 (GCJ-02坐标系统)	45.686 01
lon84	站点纬度坐标 (WGS-84坐标系统)	126.712 770 170 9
lat84	站点经度坐标 (WGS-84坐标系统)	45.683 910 347 0

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 公交线路GIS数据信息

Table 2. GIS data information of bus lines

字段	说明	样例
line_name	路线名称	10路 (花卉大市场—承德广场)
start_time	始发时间	05：30
end_time	末班时间	21：00
start_stop	始发站	花卉大市场
end_stop	终点站	承德广场
basic_price	基本票价/元	2

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 原始刷卡数据信息

Table 3. Information of original smart card data

字段	说明	样例
LOGCARDID	卡号	150 000 000 000 xxxx
DISPLAYVALUE	卡类型	普通卡
TRADETIME	交易时间	075 614
STATIONNAME	公交站名名称	市老年大学
LINENAME	线路名称	12

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表 4 常规干线公交线路空间结构指标一览

Table 4. Spatial structure indicators of conventional trunk bus lines

序号	指标名称	参数
1	常规干线公交线路长度/km	x₁
2	常规干线公交线路方向熵/nat	x₂
3	常规干线公交站点对重复系数	x₃
4	常规干线公交平均站距/km	x₄
5	常规干线公交线路刷卡数/次	x₅

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表 5 皮尔逊相关性系数范围

Table 5. Correspondence of Pearson correlation coefficient

序号	取值范围	相关强度
1	r ∈(0.8，1.0]	极强相关
2	r ∈(0.6，0.8]	强相关
3	r ∈(0.4，0.6]	中等程度相关
4	r ∈(0.2，0.4]	弱相关
5	r ∈[0.0，0.2]	极弱相关

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表 6 [0°, 180°]区间内连边的方向分布情况

Table 6. Directional distribution and proportion of edges in [0°, 180°] section

方向区间序号	数量	概率
1	124	0.068
2	67	0.037
3	93	0.051
4	160	0.088
5	108	0.06
6	72	0.04
7	129	0.071
8	147	0.081
9	126	0.069
10	60	0.033
11	75	0.041
12	114	0.063
13	111	0.061
14	64	0.035
15	63	0.035
16	58	0.032
17	90	0.050
18	154	0.085

下载: 导出CSV

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